{"id":34350,"date":"2025-01-07T12:58:24","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T07:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=34350"},"modified":"2025-01-07T12:58:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T07:28:24","slug":"double-dip-la-nina-expected-to-continue-into-2023-%e0%aa%a1%e0%aa%ac%e0%aa%b2-%e0%aa%a1%e0%aa%bf%e0%aa%aa-%e0%aa%b2%e0%aa%be-%e0%aa%a8%e0%ab%80%e0%aa%a8%e0%aa%be-2023-%e0%aa%ae%e0%aa%be%e0%aa%82-2-1-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=34350","title":{"rendered":"ENSO Neutral Conditions Persist: Earliest Potential First La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Achievable By End Of January 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pt-0\">\n<div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\">\n<h4 class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">ENSO Neutral Conditions Persist: Earliest Potential First La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Achievable By End of January 2025<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>Enso Status on 7th January 2025<\/h4>\n<h4>Analysis &amp; Commentary by Ashok Patel<\/h4>\n<p>Several international meteorological agencies, including the Indian Meteorological Department and various private meteorological organizations in India, had anticipated the development of a La Ni\u00f1a event during the Indian Summer Monsoon of 2024. The reality is that not a single La Nina thresh hold has been established till date. In fact we had taken a different stance and published monthly blog posts to provide a counter perspective, as summarized below:<\/p>\n<p><strong>5th July 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;El Ni\u00f1o Ends &amp; First ENSO Neutral Threshold Established End of June 2024 &#8211; Full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a As Per NOAA Criteria Not Expected During Indian Southwest Monsoon 2024&#8221; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=31106\">Available here<\/a><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nIn our first post, we highlighted the end of the El Ni\u00f1o phase, with the ENSO conditions transitioning to neutral by the end of June. Based on NOAA criteria, we concluded that a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a event was unlikely during the Indian Southwest Monsoon of 2024.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9th August 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;NOAA Criteria Suggest Full-Fledged La Ni\u00f1a Unlikely in 2024 \u2013 Even a Single La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Unlikely During the Indian Southwest Monsoon&#8221; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=32422\">Available here<\/a><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nOur second update reiterated that, according to NOAA criteria, a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a was unlikely in 2024. We further emphasized that even crossing a single La Ni\u00f1a threshold during the monsoon season seemed improbable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6th September 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;Much-Awaited La Ni\u00f1a Unlikely in 2024; La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Not Expected During Indian Southwest Monsoon&#8221;<br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=33188\">Available here<\/a><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nBy September, our analysis further confirmed that the much-anticipated La Ni\u00f1a event was unlikely to occur, with no indications of reaching the La Ni\u00f1a threshold during the Indian Southwest Monsoon.<\/p>\n<p><strong>23rd October 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Not Yet Reached: Full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a Unlikely During Indian Winter 2024-25&#8221; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=33665\">Available here<\/a><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nOur fourth update noted that as of September end, the La Ni\u00f1a threshold had still not been reached, suggesting that a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a event during the Indian Winter of 2024-25 was also unlikely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6th November 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;La Ni\u00f1a Playing Hard Ball: Full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a Unlikely During Indian Winter 2024-25&#8221; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=34016\">Available here<\/a><\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nOur fifth post reaffirmed that La Ni\u00f1a conditions were proving elusive. With no clear signals of a La Ni\u00f1a, we maintain that La Nina will not materialize during the Indian Winter 2024-25.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6th December 2024<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Title: &#8220;ENSO Neutral Conditions Persist: La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Not Yet Reached, Full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a Requires At Least Five Months&#8221; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=34154\">Available here<\/a><\/strong> <\/em><br \/>\nOur sixth post we report that the La Ni\u00f1a threshold has not yet been reached, and we stress that a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a would require at least five months of sustained La Nina thresh hold conditions once it is reached.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7th January 2025<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Title: &#8220;ENSO Neutral Conditions Persists: Earliest Potential First La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Achievable End Of January 2025&#8221;<\/em><br \/>\nOur seventh post here we report that not a single La Ni\u00f1a threshold has been established, and even the first La Nina thresh hold is established at the end of January, we stress that a full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a would require at least five months of sustained La Nina thresh hold conditions if it is reached.<\/p>\n<h3>What is a Fully Developed La Ni\u00f1a?<\/h3>\n<p>To understand why the anticipated La Ni\u00f1a failed to materialize, it&#8217;s important to define what constitutes a &#8220;fully developed La Ni\u00f1a,&#8221; or a &#8220;full-fledged La Ni\u00f1a,&#8221; based on NOAA\u2019s operational definitions for ENSO (El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>El Ni\u00f1o<\/strong> is characterized by a positive Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI) greater than or equal to +0.5\u00baC.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La Ni\u00f1a<\/strong> is defined by a negative ONI less than or equal to -0.5\u00baC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For an event to be classified as a <em>full-fledged<\/em> El Ni\u00f1o or La Ni\u00f1a, the respective ONI threshold must be exceeded for at least five consecutive overlapping 3-monthly seasons.<\/p>\n<p>ONI Data has been obtained from CPC &#8211; NWS &#8211; NOAA available <a href=\"https:\/\/origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/analysis_monitoring\/ensostuff\/ONI_v5.php\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>As of the end of December 2024, the Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI) remains at -0.4\u00b0C, keeping the ENSO-neutral threshold intact for the OND (October-November-December) 2024 season. This marks the seventh consecutive ENSO-neutral condition. To transition into a La Ni\u00f1a state, the ONI thresh hold would need to drop to at least -0.5\u00b0C for the period NDJ season (November-December 2024-January 2025). Specifically, the combined Ni\u00f1o3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) for November, December 2024 and January 2025 must total at least -1.36\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Currently, the Ni\u00f1o3.4 SST is recorded at -0.25\u00b0C for November 2024 and -0.55\u00b0C for December 2024. To meet the necessary three-month total, the SST in January 2025 would need to be -0.56\u00b0C. If this occurs, the first La Ni\u00f1a threshold would be met for the NDJ 2025 season, potentially setting the stage for a fully developed La Ni\u00f1a by May 2025, provided the La Ni\u00f1a thresholds are sustained across all overlapping three-monthly seasons until then.<\/p>\n<p>Based on this analysis and NOAA criteria, a fully developed La Ni\u00f1a is unlikely unless the La Ni\u00f1a threshold is first established and then sustained over four more consecutive seasons. It is also possible that if the first La Ni\u00f1a threshold is established, it may only be exceeded for a total period of four or fewer consecutive overlapping three-month seasons, which, historically, would still be considered ENSO-neutral.<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1.5rem;\">How ONI is determined:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The ONI is based on SST departures from average in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region, and is a principal measure for monitoring, assessing, and predicting ENSO. Defined as the three-month running-mean SST departures in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region. Departures are based on a set of improved homogeneous historical SST analyses (Extended Reconstructed SST \u2013 ERSST.v5).<\/p>\n<p>In real-time operations, the past 30-year base period (e.g. 1991\u20132020) will continue to be used to compute the departure from average. However, CPC will create an additional 30-year base period every 5 years (the next update will be at the beginning of 2026). When these 5 year updates occur, the ONI values over the most recent decade will change slightly because of the inclusion of more recent data. Every five years, this method takes care of climatological changes in the SST of Nino3.4 region and the buzz about the need to adopt Relative Nino Index is not justified.<\/p>\n<p>NOAA Operational Definitions for El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a, El Ni\u00f1o: characterized by a positive ONI greater than or equal to +0.5\u00baC. La Ni\u00f1a: characterized by a negative ONI less than or equal to -0.5\u00baC. By historical standards, to be classified as a full-fledged El Ni\u00f1o or La Ni\u00f1a episode, these thresholds must be exceeded for a period of at least 5 consecutive overlapping 3-month seasons.<\/p>\n<p>CPC considers El Ni\u00f1o or La Ni\u00f1a conditions to occur when the monthly Ni\u00f1o3.4 OISST departures meet or exceed +\/- 0.5\u00baC along with consistent atmospheric features. These anomalies must also be forecast to persist for 3 consecutive months.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<b>Climate Prediction Center<\/b>\u00a0(<b>CPC<\/b>) is a United States Federal Agency that is one of the NECP, which are a part of the NOAA<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Latest Oceanic Nino Index Graph Shows Enso Neutral<br \/>\nConditions Prevail\u00a0 At The End Of December 2024<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?attachment_id=34354#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34354\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-34354\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024-1024x760.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"860\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024-1024x760.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024-768x570.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024-1536x1140.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ONI_OND_2024.jpg 1952w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Table below shows the monthly SST of Nino3.4 Region and the Climate adjusted normal SST and SST anomaly from February 2023. Climate Base 1991-2020. ERSST.v5<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre>Period    Nino3.4 ClimAdjust\r\nYR   MON  Temp.\u00baC Temp.\u00baC ANOM \u00baC\r\n\r\n\r\n2023   2   26.30   26.76   -0.46\r\n2023   3   27.19   27.29   -0.11\r\n2023   4   27.96   27.83    0.14\r\n2023   5   28.40   27.94    0.46\r\n2023   6   28.57   27.73    0.84\r\n2023   7   28.31   27.29    1.02\r\n2023   8   28.21   26.86    1.35\r\n2023   9   28.32   26.72    1.60\r\n2023  10   28.44   26.72    1.72\r\n2023  11   28.72   26.70    2.02\r\n2023  12   28.63   26.60    2.02\r\n2024   1   28.37   26.55    1.82\r\n2024   2   28.28   26.76    1.52\r\n2024   3   28.42   27.29    1.12\r\n2024   4   28.60   27.83    0.78\r\n2024   5   28.17   27.94    0.24\r\n2024   6   27.91   27.73    0.18\r\n2024   6   27.90   27.73    0.17\r\n2024   7   27.34   27.29    0.05\r\n2024   8   26.74   26.86   -0.12\r\n2024   9   26.46   26.72   -0.26\r\n2024  10   26.45   26.72   -0.27\r\n2024  11   26.46   26.70   -0.25\r\n2024  12   26.05   26.60   -0.55\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Indications and analysis of various International Weather\/Climate agencies monitoring Enso conditions is depicted hereunder:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Summary by: Climate Prediction Center \/ NCEP \u00a0Dated 30th December 2024<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>ENSO Alert System Status: La Ni\u00f1a Watch<\/strong><br \/>\nENSO-neutral conditions are present.*<br \/>\nEquatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are near-to-below average in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.<\/p>\n<p>La Ni\u00f1a conditions are most likely to emerge in November 2024 \u2013 January 2025 (59% chance), with a transition to ENSO-neutral most likely by March-May 2025.*<\/p>\n<p>Note: Statements are updated once a month (2nd Thursday of each month) in association with the ENSO Diagnostics Discussion, which can be found by clicking <a style=\"font-size: 1.5rem;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/analysis_monitoring\/enso_advisory\">here<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1.5rem;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Recent (preliminary) Southern Oscillation Index values as per The Long Paddock &#8211; Queensland Government.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The 30 Days average SOI for end of December was in the positive zone at 9.72, however, on 6th January 2025 it has decreased and entered neutral zone at +5.61 as per The Long Paddock &#8211; Queensland Government. The 90 Days average SOI was +6.84 on 6th January 2025.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?attachment_id=34356#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-34356\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-34356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Long-Padock-060125-1024x427.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"860\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Long-Padock-060125-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Long-Padock-060125-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Long-Padock-060125-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Long-Padock-060125.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong>As per BOM \u2013 Australia 24th December 2024<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<li>The El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is currently in the neutral range. Since November, atmospheric indices such as the SOI and trade winds have strengthened towards La Ni\u00f1a with oceanic indices responding in recent weeks.<\/li>\n<li>Some oceanic and atmospheric patterns in the Pacific have at times shown weak La Ni\u00f1a characteristics in 2024 but with little coupling. For an event to become established, both atmospheric and oceanic indices would need to be sustained at La Ni\u00f1a levels for at least 3 months.<\/li>\n<li>The Bureau&#8217;s model forecasts that SSTs in the central tropical Pacific will remain in the ENSO-neutral range throughout the forecast period to April 2025, despite briefly dipping below the La Ni\u00f1a threshold in January. This is consistent with 4 of the 6 other international climate models surveyed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENSO Neutral Conditions Persist: Earliest Potential First La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Achievable By End of January 2025 Enso Status on 7th January 2025 Analysis &amp; Commentary by Ashok Patel Several international meteorological agencies, including the Indian Meteorological Department and various private <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/?p=34350\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-enso","category-ashok-patel-weather"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34350"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34350\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gujaratweather.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}